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The AIPS Cookbook |
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We have placed the CookBook into both fully linked html and pdf formats. See the current html version. A linked pdf version is also available.
Other than the Glossary, all CookBook chapters have been re-written
to refer to modern versions of AIPS. The Glossary is clearly dated,
but remains extremely useful. The material below refers to the
31DEC06 or earlier versions of AIPS. Some chapters carry
earlier release dates, but all are believed to be relatively current.
Updated chapters are indicated by the version date on the section
heading below. All chapters are available in a PostScript and a GNU
gzip PostScript form. Of course, if you want to dispense with all
that stuff about astronomy, interferometry, and AIPS, you can go
straight to the Additional recipes (or uncompressed or PDF) a significant number
of which were new in January 2001 and November 2004.
If you wish to get these files via anonymous ftp (in one go with an
mget command), then you should connect to
ftp.aoc.nrao.edu, username anonymous, use your
email address as password, and cd to
/pub/software/aips/TEXT/PUBL/ where you will find all the
COOK*.PS files. If you just want some chapters, it may be
simpler to just click on the links to the PostScript files below.
The following is a list of pointers to the different chapters in this Table of Contents giving their most recent revision dates (as YY/MM/DD), their correspondences to an AIPS release, and their titles.
Acknowledgments 0 - 2
Table of contents 0 - i
List of figures 0 - xvi
List of recipes 0 - xvii
Additional recipe 0 - xviii
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1.1 The NRAO AIPS Project - A Summary 1 - 1 1.2 The Cookbook 1 - 3 1.3 Organization of the Cookbook 1 - 4 1.3.1 Contents 1 - 4 1.3.2 Minimum match 1 - 5 1.3.3 Fonts and what they signify 1 - 5 1.4 General structure of AIPS 1 - 5 1.5 Additional recipe 1 - 5
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2.1 Obtaining access to an AIPS computer 2 - 1 2.2 Using the workstation 2 - 1 2.2.1 Logging in to the workstation 2 - 1 2.2.2 Control characters on the workstation 2 - 2 2.2.3 Starting the AIPS program 2 - 3 2.2.4 Typing commands to the AIPS program 2 - 9 2.3 Managing windows 2 - 10 2.3.1 General window management 2 - 10 2.3.2 Managing the AIPS TV window called XAS 2 - 11 2.4 Additional recipes 2 - 12
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3.1 Talking to AIPS 3 - 1 3.1.1 POPS and AIPS utilities 3 - 1 3.1.2 Tasks 3 - 1 3.1.3 Verbs 3 - 2 3.1.4 Adverbs 3 - 2 3.2 Your AIPS message file 3 - 3 3.3 Your AIPS data catalog files 3 - 4 3.3.1 Speedy data file selection 3 - 5 3.3.2 Catalog entry status 3 - 5 3.3.3 Renaming data files 3 - 6 3.3.4 Header listings 3 - 6 3.4 Your AIPS history files 3 - 7 3.5 Saving and restoring inputs 3 - 8 3.6 Monitoring disk space 3 - 9 3.7 Moving and compressing files 3 - 11 3.8 Finding helpful information in AIPS 3 - 11 3.9 Magnetic tapes 3 - 13 3.9.1 Hardware tape mount 3 - 14 3.9.2 Software mounting local tapes 3 - 14 3.9.3 Software mounting REMOTE tapes 3 - 15 3.9.4 Using tapes in AIPS 3 - 15 3.10 AIPS external disk files 3 - 16 3.10.1 Disk text files 3 - 16 3.10.2 RUN files 3 - 17 3.10.3 FITS disk files 3 - 17 3.10.4 Other binary data disk files 3 - 19 3.11 Additional recipes 3 - 19
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4.1 Copying data into AIPS multi-source disk files 4 - 2
4.1.1 Reading from a VLA archive tape or file using
FILLM 4 - 3
4.1.1.1 Editing and applying nominal sensitivities
to VLA data 4 - 7
4.1.2 Reading from a FITS tape with FITLD 4 - 8
4.2 Record keeping and data management 4 - 8
4.2.1 Calibrating data with multiple FQ entries 4 - 8
4.2.2 Recommended record keeping 4 - 9
4.3 Beginning the calibration 4 - 10
4.3.1 Initial editing 4 - 10
4.3.2 Primary flux density calibrators 4 - 11
4.3.3 First pass of the gain calibration 4 - 13
4.3.3.1 Using calibrator models 4 - 13
4.3.3.2 Not using calibrator models 4 - 15
4.4 Assessing the data quality and initial editing 4 - 18
4.4.1 Editing with LISTR and UVFLG 4 - 20
4.4.2 Editing with EDITA 4 - 22
4.4.3 Editing with TVFLG 4 - 24
4.4.4 Baseline corrections 4 - 30
4.5 Antenna-based complex gain solutions 4 - 32
4.5.1 Bootstrapping secondary flux-density calibrators 4 - 32
4.5.2 Full calibration 4 - 32
4.5.3 Final (?) initial global calibration 4 - 33
4.6 Polarization calibration 4 - 35
4.7 Spectral-line calibration 4 - 40
4.7.1 Reading the data 4 - 40
4.7.2 Editing the data 4 - 40
4.7.3 Bandpass calibration 4 - 41
4.7.4 Amplitude and phase calibration 4 - 44
4.8 Solar data calibration 4 - 45
4.8.1 Reading solar data from a VLA archive tape 4 - 45
4.8.2 Using SNPLT and LISTR to assess the nominal
sensitivities 4 - 46
4.8.3 Using SOLCL to apply the system-temperature
correction 4 - 46
4.9 Completing the initial calibration 4 - 47
4.9.1 Using FITTP and fITAB to write multi-source
data to tape 4 - 47
4.9.2 Creating single-source data files with SPLIT 4 - 48
4.9.3 Making images from multi-source data with IMAGR 4 - 49
4.10 Additional recipes 4 - 50
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5.1 Preparing uv data for imaging 5 - 1
5.1.1 Indexing the data - PRTTP 5 - 1
5.1.2 Loading the data - FITLD and UVLOD 5 - 2
5.1.3 Sorting the data - UVSRT 5 - 3
5.2 Basic image making - IMAGR 5 - 4
5.2.1 Making a simple image 5 - 5
5.2.2 Imaging multiple fields and image coordinates 5 - 6
5.2.3 Data weighting 5 - 7
5.2.4 Cell and image size, shifting 5 - 9
5.2.5 Zero spacing issues 5 - 10
5.3 Deconvolving images 5 - 11
5.3.1 Basic Cleaning with IMAGR 5 - 11
5.3.2 Multiple fields in IMAGR 5 - 13
5.3.3 Clean boxes and the TV in IMAGR 5 - 15
5.3.4 Experimental variations on Clean in IMAGR 5 - 18
5.3.4.1 Clean-component filtering 5 - 18
5.3.4.2 SDI modification of Clean in IMAGR 5 - 18
5.3.4.3 Multi-resolution modification of Clean in IMAGR 5 - 19
5.3.4.4 Spectral-index corrections 5 - 19
5.3.4 Data correction options in IMAGR 5 - 20
5.3.4.1 Frequency-dependent primary beam corrections 5 - 20
5.3.4.2 Frequency-dependent correction for average
spectral index 5 - 20
5.3.4.3 Error in the assumed central frequency 5 - 20
5.3.4.4 Array mis-orientation effects 5 - 20
5.3.4.5 Non-coplanar effects 5 - 21
5.3.4.6 Units mismatch of residuals & Clean components 5 - 21
5.3.5 Manipulating Clean components 5 - 21
5.3.6 Image-plane deconvolution methods 5 - 23
5.4 Self-calibration 5 - 24
5.4.1 Self-calibration sequence and SCMAP or SCIMG 5 - 25
5.4.2 Self-calibration with CALIB 5 - 26
5.4.3 Considerations in setting CALIB inputs 5 - 28
5.4.4 Experimental extension of multi-field
self-calibration 5 - 30
5.5 More editing of uv data 5 - 30
5.5.1 General remarks on, and tools for, editing 5 - 30
5.5.2 Baseline-based uv-data editing - EDITR 5 - 31
5.6 Additional recipe 5 - 36
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6.1 Getting data into your AIPS catalog 6 - 1
6.1.1 IMLOD and FITLD from tape 6 - 1
6.1.2 IMLOD and FITLD from FITS disk 6 - 2
6.2 Printer displays of your data 6 - 3
6.2.1 Printing your visibility data 6 - 3
6.2.2 Printing your image data 6 - 4
6.2.3 Printing your table data 6 - 4
6.2.4 Printing miscellaneous information 6 - 5
6.3 Plotting your data 6 - 5
6.3.1 Plotting your visibility data 6 - 7
6.3.2 Plotting your image data 6 - 8
6.3.2.1 Contour and grey-scale plots 6 - 9
6.3.2.2 Row tracing plots 6 - 12
6.3.2.3 Miscellaneous image plots 6 - 12
6.3.3 Plotting your table data 6 - 14
6.3.4 Plotting miscellaneous information 6 - 15
6.4 Interactive TV displays of your data 6 - 16
6.4.1 Loading an image to the TV 6 - 16
6.4.2 Manipulating the TV display 6 - 17
6.4.3 Intensity and color transfer functions 6 - 18
6.4.4 Setting parameters with the TV 6 - 18
6.4.5 Reading image values from the TV 6 - 19
6.4.6 Labeling images on the TV 6 - 20
6.4.7 Comparing images on the TV 6 - 20
6.4.8 Slice files and the TV display 6 - 22
6.4.9 Other functions using the TV 6 - 23
6.4.10 Capturing the TV 6 - 24
6.5 Graphics displays of your data 6 - 24
6.5.1 Plotting data and setting values with the graphics
display 6 - 25
6.5.2 Slice files and the graphics display 6 - 25
6.5.3 Data analysis with the graphics display 6 - 26
6.6 Additional recipes 6 - 26
6.7 Examples of color plots 6 - 27
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7.1 Combining two images (COMB) 7 - 1
7.1.1 Subtracting a continuum image from an image cube 7 - 1
7.1.1 Polarized intensity and position angle images 7 - 1
7.1.2 Other image combination options 7 - 2
7.1.3 Considerations in image combination 7 - 3
7.2 Combining more than two images (SUMIM and SPIXR) 7 - 3
7.3 Image statistics and flux integration 7 - 4
7.4 Blanking of images 7 - 5
7.5 Fitting of images 7 - 6
7.5.1 Centroid fits (IMCENTER) and parabolic fit to
maximum (MAXFIT) 7 - 6
7.5.2 Two-dimensional Gaussian fitting (IMFIT) 7 - 6
7.5.3 Source recognition and fitting (SAD) 7 - 7
7.5.4 Gaussian fits to slices (SLFIT) 7 - 8
7.5.5 Other one-dimensional Gaussian fits (XGAUS) 7 - 9
7.6 Image analysis 7 - 9
7.6.1 Geometric conversions 7 - 10
7.6.2 Mathematical operations on a single image 7 - 10
7.6.3 Primary beam correction 7 - 12
7.6.4 Changing the resolution of an image 7 - 12
7.6.5 Filtering 7 - 13
7.6.6 Modeling 7 - 13
7.7 Additional recipes 7 - 14
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8.1 Data preparation and assessment 8 - 1 8.2 Editing and self-calibration 8 - 4 8.3 Continuum subtraction 8 - 4 8.4 Imaging 8 - 6 8.5 Display and manipulation of data cubes 8 - 7 8.5.1 Building and dismantling data cubes 8 - 7 8.5.2 Transposing the cube 8 - 8 8.5.3 Modifying the image header 8 - 9 8.5.4 Displaying the cube 8 - 9 8.6 Analysis 8 - 10 8.7 Additional recipes 8 - 16
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9.1 VLBI data calibration recipe 9 - 2
9.2 Loading and inspecting data 9 - 5
9.2.1 Loading data from the VLBA correlator 9 - 5
9.2.1.1 Running FITLD 9 - 5
9.2.1.2 Calibration transfer 9 - 9
9.2.1.3 Repairing VLBA data after FITLD 9 - 10
9.2.1.4 Sorting and indexing VLBA correlator data 9 - 10
9.2.1.5 Subarraying VLBA correlator data 9 - 11
9.2.1.6 Indexing VLBA correlator data 9 - 12
9.2.1.7 Concatenating VLBA correlator data 9 - 12
9.2.1.8 Labeling VLBA correlator polarization data 9 - 12
9.2.1.9 Ionospheric corrections 9 - 14
9.2.1.10 Corrections to the Erath Orientation Parameters 9 - 15
9.2.1.11 Preparing the OB table for SVLBI data 9 - 15
9.2.1.12 Loading the time corrections file for SVLBI data 9 - 16
9.2.2 Loading data from a MkIII/MkIV correlator 9 - 16
9.2.2.1 Running MK3IN 9 - 16
9.2.2.2 Sorting MkIII/IV data 9 - 18
9.2.2.3 Concatenating MkIII/IV data 9 - 18
9.2.2.4 Merging MkIII/IV data 9 - 19
9.2.2.5 Correcting MkIII/IV sideband phase offsets 9 - 19
9.2.2.6 Indexing MkIII/IV data 9 - 20
9.3 Tools for data examination 9 - 20
9.3.1 Textual displays 9 - 20
9.3.2 Spectral displays: POSSM 9 - 21
9.3.3 Time displays: VPLOT and CLPLT 9 - 22
9.3.4 EDITR 9 - 23
9.3.5 SNPLT 9 - 23
9.3.6 COHER 9 - 24
9.3.7 FRPLT 9 - 25
9.4 Calibration strategy 9 - 25
9.4.1 Incremental calibration philosophy 9 - 26
9.4.1.1 Smoothing and applying corrections in SN and CL
tables 9 - 27
9.4.1.2 Running CLCAL for phase referencing observations 9 - 29
9.4.2 Processing observing log & calibration information 9 - 29
9.4.2.1 Automatic formatting of log files 9 - 30
9.4.2.2 VLA and EVN log files 9 - 30
9.4.2.3 SVLBI log files 9 - 31
9.4.2.4 Manual formatting of log files 9 - 31
9.4.2.5 Loading calibration log information 9 - 31
9.4.3 Data editing 9 - 32
9.4.4 a priori calibration 9 - 34
9.4.4.1 Digital sampler bias corrections for VLBA
correlator data 9 - 35
9.4.4.2 Continuum amplitude calibration 9 - 35
9.4.4.3 Polarization calibration: parallactic angle
corrections 9 - 36
9.4.5 Bandpass calibration 9 - 37
9.4.6 Spectral-line doppler correction 9 - 38
9.4.7 Spectral-line amplitude calibration 9 - 38
9.4.8 Phase calibration 9 - 40
9.4.8.1 Special considerations: SVLBI 9 - 41
9.4.8.2 Special considerations: spectral-line 9 - 42
9.4.8.3 Special considerations: polarization 9 - 42
9.4.8.4 Special considerations: phase referencing 9 - 42
9.4.8.5 Instrumental phase corrections 9 - 43
9.4.8.6 `Manual' instrumental phase corrections 9 - 44
9.4.8.7 Correcting for atmospheric delays 9 - 46
9.4.8.8 Finding multi-band delays 9 - 47
9.4.8.9 Antenna-based fringe-fitting 9 - 47
9.4.8.10 Baseline-based fringe-fitting 9 - 53
9.4.8.11 SVLBI-specific techniques 9 - 56
9.4.8.12 Spectral-line fringe-fitting 9 - 56
9.4.8.13 Polarization-specific fringe-fitting 9 - 58
9.4.8.14 R-L delay calibration 9 - 59
9.4.8.15 Feed D-term calibration 9 - 60
9.4.9 Complex bandpass 9 - 61
9.4.10 Baseline-based errors 9 - 61
9.5 After initial calibration 9 - 62
9.5.1 Applying calibration 9 - 62
9.5.2 Time averaging 9 - 63
9.5.3 Verifying calibration 9 - 64
9.6 Self-calibration, imaging, and model-fitting 9 - 65
9.6.1 CALIB 9 - 66
9.6.2 IMAGR, SCIMG and SCMAP 9 - 67
9.6.3 Non-conventional methods of imaging 9 - 68
9.7 Summary of VLBI calibration tables 9 - 69
9.8 Additional recipe 9 - 70
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10.1 AIPS format for single-dish data 10 - 1
10.1.1 On-the-fly data from the 12m 10 - 2
10.1.1.1 Listing OTF input files 10 - 2
10.1.1.2 Reading spectral-line OTF files into AIPS 10 - 3
10.1.1.3 Reading continuum OTF files into AIPS 10 - 4
10.1.2 Other input data formats 10 - 4
10.2 Single-dish data in the "uv" domain 10 - 5
10.2.1 Using PRTSD, UVPLT, and POSSM to look at your data 10 - 5
10.2.2 Using UVFLG, SPFLG, and EDITR to edit your data 10 - 7
10.2.3 Using CSCOR and SDCAL to calibrate your data 10 - 11
10.2.4 Using SDLSF and SDVEL to correct your
spectral-line data 10 - 12
10.2.5 Using SDMOD and BSMOD to model your data 10 - 13
10.3 Imaging single-dish data in AIPS 10 - 13
10.3.1 Normal single-dish imaging 10 - 13
10.3.2 Beam-switched continuum imaging 10 - 15
10.4 Analysis and display of single-dish data 10 - 20
10.4.1 Spectral baseline removal 10 - 20
10.4.2 Using WTSUM and BSAVG to combine images 10 - 21
10.4.3 Spectral moment analysis 10 - 21
10.4.4 Source modeling and fitting 10 - 22
10.4.5 Image displays 10 - 23
10.4.6 Backing up your data 10 - 24
10.5 Combining single-dish and interferometer data 10 - 24
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11.1 Helping the AIPS programmers 11 - 1 11.2 Exiting from AIPS 11 - 1 11.2.1 Backups 11 - 2 11.2.2 Deleting your data 11 - 2 11.2.3 Exiting 11 - 3 11.3 Solving problems in using AIPS 11 - 3 11.3.1 Terminal problems 11 - 3 11.3.2 Disk data problems 11 - 4 11.3.2 Printer problems 11 - 5 11.3.2 Tape problems 11 - 6 11.4 Additional recipe 11 - 6
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12.1 AIPS conventions 12 - 1 12.1.1 AIPS shortcuts 12 - 1 12.1.2 Data-file names and formats 12 - 2 12.2 Process control features of AIPS 12 - 3 12.2.1 RUN files 12 - 3 12.2.2 More about GO 12 - 4 12.2.3 Batch jobs 12 - 5 12.3 AIPS language 12 - 6 12.3.1 Using POPS outside of procedures 12 - 8 12.3.2 Procedures 12 - 9 12.3.3 Writing your own programs with POPS 12 - 12 12.3.3.1 Special facilities for use in procedures 12 - 13 12.4 Remote use of AIPS 12 - 14 12.4.1 Connections via X-Windows 12 - 14 12.4.2 Connections to a terminal 12 - 15 12.4.3 Remote data connections 12 - 15 12.4.4 File transfer connections 12 - 16 12.5 Moving data to a new computer 12 - 17 12.6 Adding your own tasks to AIPS 12 - 18 12.6.1 Initial choices to make 12 - 18 12.6.2 Getting started 12 - 19 12.6.3 Initial check of code and procedures 12 - 19 12.6.4 Modifying an AIPS task 12 - 20 12.6.5 Modifying an AIPS template task 12 - 21 12.6.6 Further remarks 12 - 22
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13.1 ADVERB 13 - 1 13.2 ANALYSIS 13 - 9 13.3 AP 13 - 11 13.4 ASTROMET 13 - 12 13.5 BATCH 13 - 12 13.6 CALIBRAT 13 - 13 13.7 CATALOG 13 - 17 13.8 COORDINA 13 - 19 13.9 EDITING 13 - 19 13.10 EXT-APPL 13 - 20 13.11 FITS 13 - 20 13.12 GENERAL 13 - 21 13.13 HARDCOPY 13 - 23 13.14 IMAGE-UT 13 - 24 13.15 IMAGE 13 - 24 13.16 IMAGING 13 - 24 13.17 INFORMAT 13 - 27 13.18 INTERACT 13 - 28 13.19 MODELING 13 - 29 13.20 OBSOLETE 13 - 30 13.21 ONED 13 - 30 13.22 OOP 13 - 30 13.23 OPTICAL 13 - 31 13.24 PARAFORM 13 - 31 13.25 PLOT 13 - 32 13.26 POLARIZA 13 - 34 13.27 POPS 13 - 34 13.28 PROCEDUR 13 - 37 13.29 PSEUDOVE 13 - 38 13.30 RUN 13 - 39 13.31 SINGLEDI 13 - 39 13.32 SPECTRAL 13 - 40 13.33 TABLE 13 - 41 13.34 TAPE 13 - 41 13.35 TASK 13 - 42 13.36 TV 13 - 50 13.37 TV-APPL 13 - 52 13.38 UTILITY 13 - 53 13.39 UV 13 - 54 13.40 VERB 13 - 58 13.41 VLA 13 - 63 13.42 VLBI 13 - 64 13.43 Additional recipes 13 - 66
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A.1 VLARUN A - 1 A.2 Basic calibration A - 2 A.3 Polarization calibration A - 5 A.4 Backup and imaging A - 5 A.5 Additional recipes A - 6
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B.1 Editing and calibrating spectral-line data B - 1 B.1.1 Loading the data B - 1 B.1.2 Inspecting and editing the data B - 2 B.1.3 Calibrating the data B - 3 B.2 Making and Cleaning image cubes B - 5 B.3 Moment analysis and rotation curves of galaxies B - 6 B.4 Multi-frequency observations B - 7 B.4.1 General frequency information B - 7 B.4.2 Multi-frequency uv files B - 7 B.5 Additional recipes B - 8
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C.1 Table philosophy C - 1 C.2 Data set assumed in this memo C - 1 C.3 VLBA utilities C - 2 C.4 Data loading and inspection C - 3 C.5 Amplitude calibration C - 5 C.6 Delay, rate, and phase calibration C - 6 C.7 Final calibration steps C - 9 C.8 Incorporating the VLA C - 10 C.8.1 Pointing flags C - 11 C.8.1 Single VLA antenna C - 11 C.8.2 Phased VLA C - 11 C.8.3 Summary C - 12 C.9 Some useful references C - 13 C.10 Additional recipes C - 13
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F.1 Visibility (uv) data sets F - 1 F.1.1 uv database sizes F - 1 F.1.2 Compressed format for uv data F - 2 F.2 Image files F - 3 F.3 Extension files F - 3 F.4 Storing data on tape F - 4 F.4.1 DAT and Exabyte tapes F - 5 F.5 Very large data sets F - 6 F.6 Additional recipes F - 6
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Z.1 NRAO workstations - general information Z - 1 Z.1.1 The "midnight" jobs Z - 1 Z.1.2 Generating color hard copy Z - 1 Z.1.2.1 Color printers Z - 1 Z.1.2.2 Software to copy your screen Z - 2 Z.1.3 Color film recorders Z - 2 Z.1.4 Gripe, gripe, gripe, .. Z - 3 Z.1.5 Solving problems at the NRAO Z - 3 Z.1.5.1 Booting the workstations Z - 3 Z.1.5.2 Printout fails to appear Z - 3 Z.1.5.3 Stopping excess printout Z - 4 Z.1.5.4 CTRL-Z problems Z - 5 Z.1.5.5 "File system is full" message Z - 5 Z.1.5.6 Tapes won't mount Z - 5 Z.1.5.7 I can't use my data disk Z - 6 Z.2 AIPS at the NRAO in Charlottesville Z - 6 Z.2.1 Using the Charlottesville workstations Z - 7 Z.2.1.1 Signing up for AIPS time in Charlottesville Z - 7 Z.2.1.2 Managing workstation windows in Charlottesville Z - 7 Z.2.1.3 Data disk management in Charlottesville Z - 8 Z.2.2 Using the tape drives in Charlottesville Z - 8 Z.2.2.1 Mounting and removing tapes on 9-track drives Z - 8 Z.2.2.2 Mounting tapes on Exabyte and DAT drives Z - 9 Z.2.3 Color hard copy in Charlottesville Z - 9 Z.3 AIPS at the NRAO AOC in Socorro Z - 9 Z.3.1 Reserving public-use workstations at the AOC Z - 10 Z.3.1.1 Special nots on signing up for the Origin 200 Z - 10 Z.3.2 Using AOC workstations -- introduction Z - 10 Z.3.3 Using SPARCstations at the AOC Z - 10 Z.3.3.1 Logging on and choosing your environment Z - 11 Z.3.3.2 Using CDE Z - 11 Z.3.3.3 Using OpenWindows Z - 12 Z.3.4 Using the SGI workstations at the AOC Z - 12 Z.3.5 Starting AIPS Z - 13 Z.3.5.1 Starting AIPS on another machine Z - 13 Z.3.6 Using the tape drives at the AOC Z - 14 Z.3.6.1 Mounting tapes on Exabyte and DAT drives Z - 14 Z.3.6.2 On-line FILLM Z - 14 Z.3.7 Color hard copy at the AOC Z - 15 Z.4 AIPS at the NRAO Very Large Array site Z - 15 Z.5 Additional recipes Z - 15
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1.1 Basic AIPS flow diagram 1 - 6 4.1 3C48 at X-band 4 - 15 4.2 EDITA display 4 - 23 4.3 TVFLG display 4 - 27 5.1 Affect of ROBUST parameter on beams 5 - 9 6.1 UVPLT displays 6 - 8 6.2 Contour and grey-scale plots of an image 6 - 11 6.3 Row plots of an image 6 - 13 6.4 Statistical plots of an image 6 - 14 6.5 Slice and table plots 6 - 15 6.6 KNTR with polarization, LWPLA with color 6 - 27 6.7 KNTR truecolor image with contours, LWPLA colors 6 - 28 6.8 PCNTR polarization vectors in color 6 - 29 6.9 PCNTR contours in color 6 - 30 6.10 KNTR with contours colored with RGBLEVS 6 - 31 6.11 SNPLT with IFs/polarizations colored 6 - 32 7.1 Geometric and other functions on an image 7 - 11 8.1 KNTR contours of spectral channels 8 - 11 8.2 TVCUBE display of transposed cube 8 - 12 8.3 PLCUB display of spectra from a cube 8 - 13 8.4 Images of line cube moments 8 - 14 9.1 POSSM and VPLOT displays of uncalibrated VLBI data 9 - 49 9.2 Spectrum before and after calibration 9 - 54 9.3 An example of a fringe rate image 9 - 68 10.1 UVPLT displays of single-dish data 10 - 6 10.2 POSSM display of single-dish data 10 - 7 10.3 SPFLG display 10 - 10 10.4 Convolving function Fourier transforms 10 - 16 10.5 Images at various beam-throw rotations 10 - 18 10.6 Images at various beam-throw corrections 10 - 19 A.1 Visibility data before and after calibration A - 4 D.1 VPLOT of "bad" phases D - 2 D.2 VPLOT of "okay" phases D - 3
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0.1.1 Going bananas with bananas 0 - xviii 1.5.1 Banana daiquiri 1 - 5 2.4.1 Bananes roties 2 - 12 2.4.2 Orange gingered bananas 2 - 12 2.4.3 Banana pick-me-up 2 - 12 3.11.1 Cream of banana soup 3 - 19 3.11.2 Banana curried chicken 3 - 20 3.11.3 Banana July cocktail 3 - 20 3.11.4 Banana storage 3 - 20 4.10.1 Banana-pineapple bread 4 - 50 4.10.2 Banana Bombay salad 4 - 50 4.10.3 Banana relish 4 - 50 4.10.4 Banana caramel pie 4 - 50 5.6.1 Banana-chocolate tea bread 5 - 36 6.6.1 Coriander banana nut bread 6 - 26 7.7.1 Chicken salad with banana mayonnaise and grapes 7 - 14 7.7.2 Banana-Rhubarb Crisp 7 - 14 7.7.3 Curried shrimp 7 - 14 8.7.1 Golden mousse 8 - 16 8.7.2 Sopa de Platano 8 - 16 8.7.3 Panecillos de Platano 8 - 16 9.8.1 Columbian fresh banana cake with sea foam frosting 9 - 70 11.4.1 Banana coffeelate 11 - 6 13.43.1 Banana crunch cake 13 - 66 13.43.2 Mexican bananas 13 - 66 13.43.3 Roasted turkey quesadillas with banana 13 - 66 A.5.1 Banana colada A - 6 A.5.2 Breaded chicken and bananas A - 6 A.5.3 Frozen Push-Ups A - 6 B.5.1 Banana breeze pie B - 8 B.5.2 Banana cutlets B - 8 C.10.1 Chewy banana split dessert C - 13 C.10.2 Orange baked bananas C - 13 C.10.3 Little banana cream tarts C - 14 C.10.4 Banana mandarin cheese pie C - 14 C.10.5 Banana Dream Pizza C - 14 D.1.1 Banana-pineapple rum bread D - 7 D.1.2 Dulce Zacatecano D - 8 D.1.3 Virginia's instant banana pie D - 8 D.1.4 Chocolate chip banana bread D - 8 D.1.5 Banana bran muffins D - 8 F.6.1 Banana stuffing F - 6 F.6.2 Banana nut bread F - 6 Z.5.1 Sauted sole tobago with bananas, pecans and lime Z - 15 Z.5.2 Cranberry Banana Bread Z - 16 Z.5.3 Mexican chicken vegetable soup with bananas Z - 16 Z.5.4 Curried bananas Z - 16
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CHAPTER DATE WHAT DONE
0 07/12/29 Chapters 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,A,B,C,D,F
06/06/09 Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, C, D
05/11/30 Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, B, C, D
04/11/14 Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, C
04/04/13 Chapter 4
04/04/07 Chapters 4, 9, A
04/03/21 Chapter 9
03/12/01 Chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,C
03/01/24 Chapters 4,5,6,10,13,D
02/08/12 Chapters 3,4,5,6,7,9,12,C
02/03/27 Chapters 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13,C,D,F
01/10/30 Chapter 9
01/06/01 Chapter 4, 5, 9, C
01/02/15 Chapter 9
01/01/10 Appendix C/D, minor updates
00/04/18 Upgrade to 31DEC00
99/03/30 Chapter 9 changes
98/11/18 LaTeX ends up with changed pagination
98/03/07 Chapter 9 revised and 13 updated
97/06/09 Chapter 4 and 5 updated, also recipes
97/05/27 Chapter 13 new page numbers
97/05/22 Chapter 9, 10 new pages, sections
96/01/30 Corrected NSF attribution statement
96/01/03 Heavily revised chapter 12
95/12/11 Update 13, new 7 and 10
95/10/24 Reference to chapter 10 -> 11
95/09/24 Change Appendix Z
95/09/12 Change Chapter 9, add index
95/07/11 Chapter 5 and 13 minor changes in page number, figure
95/06/20 Chapter 5 new contents, renumber 7-14 to 6-13
95/01/24 Chapter 10 new contents
1 07/12/29 Update line/task counts, shiiping info, mailing
address, aips++ info, etc.
03/12/01 Update some statistics etc
01/01/10 New appendix, version dates/remarks
00/01/19 Line counts, parenthetical remarks, edition, etc
97/05/29 Update code sizes, CVX revision of CookBook
95/10/24 Reference to chapter 10 -> 11
95/06/20 Update section references
94/12/13 Update section references
2 05/11/30 Mention KLEENEX instead of EXIT
03/12/01 Start up messages, screen server description
01/01/10 Minor typesetting, version
00/01/19 New copy of man page, true TV display
98/11/18 Added TV=local option and corrected wording re disks
97/05/29 Add TVSERV and change release to 15APR98
95/12/19 Minor typography correction
95/10/04 Correct CTRL T and CTRL Y for new readline meanings
95/09/22 Add READLINE information, update AIPS startup info
95/09/12 Change remarks on XAS for 15JAN95
94/12/14 Correct 2 typos (one about tvhost)
3 07/12/29 REBYTE, wording re message server, web/street addresses
06/06/09 PLGET
05/11/30 KLEENEX, QINP, drop references to deleting outside AIPS
03/12/01 OUTPUTS, DEFAULT, disk files in FITLD, FILLM, FITAB
02/08/12 SG2RUN, path names
02/03/13 FITS disk procedure package
01/01/10 Fix file names, version
00/01/19 Terminal width/height handling, class names, VPUT
et al, UVCOP FG use, XHELP, TAPES, FITAB, WWW refs
97/05/29 HELP changed, WWW changed, CVX incompatible
96/01/03 One cross-ref to chapter 12
95/12/19 Minor error re extended hex corrected
95/10/24 Reference to chapter 10 -> 11
95/09/22 Hex is now extended hex (EHEX, REHEX mentioned)
95/06/20 Add GET4NAME, mention IMAGR, section renumbering
94/12/13 Update section references, add MOVE
4 07/12/29 FILLM (corr coef), TYSMO/TYAPL, TAPPE, OUTFGVER,
CLIPM becomes CLIP, WIPER, VLANT, FITAB change,
VLACALIB does models
06/06/09 Model plot, TVFLG option, UVFLG UFLG operation,
new EDITA plot, DOCALIB=1, ANBPL, CALIB CPARM(7)
05/11/30 Emphasize model usage, CLCAL adverb INVERS, SNPLT SYMBOL,
baseline correction discussion modernized
04/11/14 SMOOTH warning, BPASS SOLTYPE added, CALRD file name
04/04/13 CALDIR, CALRD, and CALIB use V polarization
04/04/07 CL version number with CLCOR
04/03/21 RLDIF description replaces LISTR for polarization
03/12/01 VLARUN, FILLM from disk, CLCAL seriously changed
03/01/24 LOCIT/BASFIT mentioned, PRTTP/FILLM from disk
02/08/12 FILLM disk, INDXR does WX, WIPER
02/03/15 BPASS normalization, TVFLG (DPARM(5)), WETHR, FILLM
01/07/02 FILLM CPARM(7) changed meaning
01/06/01 VLACALIB change, DEFLG, SNFLG, VPFLG, FILLM ch-0
01/01/10 FILLM (DOWEIGHT); SETJY new flux systems
00/04/18 reword VLACALIB use, DOCAL=2, ICHANSEL, SPFLG
00/01/19 DEFAULT, NPRINT, CROWDED in EDITR and EDITA with
new figure and options, NPLOTS, FITAB
98/11/18 Clarified wording in special-case polarization cal
98/02/23 Correct 3C48 polarization angle, NPOINTS description
97/06/07 Add EDITA, change bandpass cal section, CALIB
closure error and FILLM Tant changes, new recipes
95/12/19 Minor typography correction
95/12/07 Cross references
95/09/12 Change HORUS to IMAGR
95/06/20 Update section references
95/04/06 Correct CLCOR usage on VLA baseline corrections
94/12/16 Correct CLCAL usage on polarization step 4
94/12/13 Update section references
5 07/12/29 Wording esp CLIP, OUTFGVER, IMAGR mean additions,
OOSUB, WIPER improved, FILLM weights are good
06/06/09 STUFFR, PEELR, IMAGR beam size and spectral index,
DELBOX, DFILEBOX, EDITR options, CALIB CPARM(7),
CCRES
05/11/30 Mention RSTOR, add to FLAGR a hint
04/11/14 IMAGR SDI parameter, FIXBX, FLAGR, FINDR mentions,
CALIB changes: SOLTYPE, DOFLAG, WEIGHTIT
03/12/01 FITLD multiple disk files
03/01/24 VTESS > 4000 pointings
02/08/12 4096 fields, WIPER
02/03/13 BOXFILE options, BOXES
01/06/01 CHKFC, FACES, DEFLG, SNFLG
01/01/10 IMAGR remarks
00/01/19 512 fields, Proc MAPPR, DEFAULT, 16384 on a side,
shift meaning, IMAGRPRM, new options and algorithms
in IMAGR, FLATN, SETFC, SCIMG
97/07/11 Add information about OVERLAP imaging, restoration
97/06/09 Add 3DIMAG to IMAGR, replace IBLED with EDITR
95/12/07 Cross reference to Chapter 10
95/09/22 Add mention of FIXWT
95/07/05 Add figures on ROBUSTness to chapter
95/06/20 NEW chapter - replaces old 5 and 6 imaging chapters
94/12/13 Update section references (old chapter)
6 07/12/29 Wording, FUNCTYPEs, CORER cal, COPIXEL error
return, IMEAN
06/06/09 New color plots and IMEAN plot, color contours,
SNEDT TY, ANBPL, BPLOT, UVHGM, UVHIM, PLGET,
DELBOX, DFILEBOX
05/11/30 Add XGAUS to TV section, deprecate TeK
04/11/14 POSTSCRIPT.HLP, DOCRT=-3, PCNTR DOGREY, CBPLOT
03/12/01 More color in plotting, FITS disk reading, output
adverbs, gamma corrections, page full in plots
03/01/24 Color in plotting, PRTTP (disk hinted at), TVDIST,
SCLIM, LAYER
02/08/12 WIPER, IMEAN returns adverbs
02/03/15 PRTAB (NDIG), WETHR, TKERASE, TACOP
01/01/10 New COPIXEL; UVPLT options
00/04/18 Add section on TV with slices, add recipes from 13
00/01/19 Entering lower case, PRINTER, BPRINT et al, SNPLT,
TVROAM, truecolor TVs, PLOTR
98/03/08 Add COSTAR, EDITR, EDITA
95/12/07 Cross references to 7 and 10
95/09/12 Change remarks on TVRGB for 15JAN96
95/06/20 Renumbered chapter (7->6), changed references,
changed TVBOX and REBOX entries, added FILEBOX
94/12/13 Complete new chapter, combining old 7 and 8
7 07/12/29 IMCENTER, IMEAN, wording
06/06/09 CCRES, BLANK, MWFLT
05/11/30 TV under XGAUS, UVMOD spectral index, IMMOD 4 sources,
paragraph on SPIXR
04/11/14 MFPRT added option
03/12/01 Update PBCOR, IMDIST, IMEAN circular aperture
02/08/12 IMEAN returns adverbs
02/03/12 COMB (SUMM), RMSD, SAD, IMFIT, MFPRT
01/01/10 OHGEO, bad footnote, version, typesetting
00/04/18 TV replaces TK for slice fitting
00/01/19 Typo fix
98/03/08 Change COMB details on algorithms, noise images
96/01/03 Cross-ref chapter 12, mention AHIST and others
95/11/16 Rewritten analysis chapter
95/10/24 Correct references to chapter numbers
95/06/20 Renumbered chapter (8->7)
94/12/09 Renumbered chapter, SLICES inserted (not modernized)
8 07/12/29 Wording, CUBIT, TAPPE, UVLSF
05/11/30 MCUBE DOCONCAT option
02/03/12 RMSD
01/01/10 Minor typesetting, version, example image classes
00/04/18 CHANSel -> ICHANSEL, SPFLG change, add TVSLICE
00/01/19 FLGIT, CLIPM, UVMLN, truecolor TVs, update wording
98/03/08 Update IMEAN discussion, add SERCH
95/12/07 Cross references to Chapter 10
95/09/12 Change remarks on TVRGB for 15JAN96
95/06/20 Renumbered chapter (9->8), added IMAGR
94/12/13 Complete new chapter, old chapter 10
9 07/12/29 DBCON corrected, UVCOP NX tables, VLBA verb,
TYSMO, OUTFGVER, correct LISTR, add WEIGHTIT to
CALIB, drop SLIME, rewording/typos lots of places
06/06/09 VBGLU, VBMRG, SNEDT, UVFLG UFLG, APCAL, par angle
05/11/30 www addresses, TECOR changes incl VLBATECR, CLCOR EOP
correction incl VLBAEOP
04/11/14 CLCAL (SELF), RLDIF, new flag tasks, BPASS changed
and complex solution section added, WEIGHTIT
04/05/06 AVSPC no longer does AVIF
04/04/07 CLCOR CL versions
04/03/21 Update DELZN and add multi-band delay sections
03/12/01 FITLD disks, CLCOR/DELZN section, SNSMO changes,
CLCAL changes, APCAL opacity fitting
02/08/12 QUACK tail, CLCAL use DOBLANK, xref, FRPLT
02/03/27 VLBAFIX, VLBASUBS, VLBAMPCL; BPASS remarks, POSSM
01/10/30 Add TECOR
01/06/01 More VLBAUTIL procs, DEFLG, 2 Gbyte limit
01/02/15 VLBAUTIL procs, general update
00/04/18 Use of DOCAL=2 for weight calibration (forgotten in
this chapter for SPLIT!)
00/01/19 SCIMG, NPLOTS, SNPLT options, CC filtering in IMAGR
99/03/30 Gain transfer, FITAB, phase re-referencing
98/03/07 Overhaul for Space VLBI, correct figures and index
97/05/23 Correct figures and index; add remarks about
SCMAP, EDITR, SNEDT
96/09/27 Polarization calibration
95/09/12 Updated for 15JUL95 ANTAB, APCAL, digital corrections
95/06/20 Renumbered chapter (10->9), added IMAGR replacing MX
95/01/24 "Final" edit completed, figures added
95/01/03 Re-written chapter, only partly done with final edit
10 07/12/29 Wording improvements, time order for flagging, OUTFGVER
04/11/14 POSTSCRIPT.HLP, SPFLG plot is out of date
03/01/24 KNTR/LWPLA enhanced (color) description
01/01/10 Minor typesetting, version
00/04/18 Added remark about SPFLG and interferometer IFs.
00/01/19 add BSMOD, BSCLN, BSTST; DOCRT=1; ORDER, discussion
in BSAVG section
97/05/21 Added beam-switched continuum, SDLSF, and other CVX
additions and improvements
95/12/11 Wrote new chapter on single-dish data in AIPS
95/10/24 Replaced with outline for single-dish chapter
95/06/20 Renumbered old chapter (11->10)
95/01/03 Section and chapter renumbering of old chapter
94/03/17 Old chapter typeset for WWW
11 07/12/29 update wording, FITAB
01/01/10 Minor typesetting, version
00/01/19 FITAB
95/10/24 Rewritten with Gripe, backup, exit and modern
problem solving
95/06/20 Renumbered old chapter (12->11)
95/01/03 Section and chapter renumbering of old chapter
94/03/17 Old chapter typeset for WWW
12 07/12/29 Tab completion, COPIXEL, FUDGE, move data to new
computer section
06/06/09 GETPOPSN
05/11/30 Section on useful verbs and tasks for procs incl SYSTEM
02/08/12 SG2RUN
01/02/15 Typo correction
01/01/10 File classes; tilde verb
00/01/19 Correct TV connectivity info, tv=local, EXTAB, FITAB
96/01/03 Rewrite to make up to date
95/09/22 Hex is now extended hex (EHEX, REHEX mentioned)
95/06/20 Renumbered old chapter (13->12)
95/01/03 Section and chapter renumbering of old chapter
94/06/07 Fix typesetting of old chapter
13 07/12/29 Updated all
06/06/09 Updated
05/11/30 Updated
04/11/14 Updated
04/04/13 SYSTEM, CALRD, CALDIR and adverbs
04/04/07 Update of all lists (some were not changed)
03/12/01 Update of all lists (some were not changed)
03/01/24 Update of all lists (some were not changed)
02/03/20 Update of all lists (some were not changed)
01/06/01 Update of some lists (rest already okay)
01/01/10 Update of some lists (rest already okay)
00/04/17 Update of some lists (rest already okay)
00/01/19 Update of all lists
98/03/07 Update of all lists
97/05/27 Overdue update of all lists
96/01/18 Very minor update to modeling list
95/12/19 Minor update to analysis and for COMPRESS
95/12/11 Update lists to match current help files
95/09/22 Missing help files added to system and lists
95/07/11 Complete update to lists of 15JUL95 release
95/06/20 Renumbered chapter
95/01/03 Complete update to lists of 15JAN95 release
94/06/07 Complete update to lists of 15JUL94 release
A 07/12/29 VLARUN section first, OUTFGVER, model in VLACALIB
04/04/07 RLDIF replaces LISTR for polarization
01/06/01 DOPRINT in VLACALIB
01/01/10 DOWEIGHT; DOCAL 2; ICHANSEL; MAPPR
94/12/13 New appendix
B 07/12/29 Archive files not tape, FILLM parms, SETFC, reword
05/11/30 SAMPTYPE in CLCAL and add warning
01/07/02 FILLM CPARM(7) changed meaning
01/06/01 DOPRINT in VLACALIB
01/01/10 DOCAL 2; ICHANSEL; recipes
94/12/13 New appendix
C 07/12/29 CLIP, OUTFGVER, UVCOP does NX, wording
06/06/09 HSA, emphasize parallactic angle correction
05/11/30 www addresses, flagging info for external telescopes,
TECOR and CLCOR EOP new procedures
04/11/14 SMOOTH dropped, BPASS changed, CVEL added
03/12/01 Cal transfer, APCAL, ...
02/08/12 REFANT not in VLBACALA
02/03/27 Overhaul to emphasize VLBA procs incl new ones
01/06/01 New VLBAUTIL procs, minor corrections
01/01/10 New appendix
D 07/12/29 SNFLG mention, correct INDXR, emphasize models,
VLANT, rewordings (CL vers updated)
06/06/09 DOCALIB=1 does weights (100 does not)
05/11/30 AIPS-provided models, fix www addresses
02/03/27 New appendix (VLA high frequency hints)
F 07/12/29 Drop 9-track, FITAB changed, fixed CL size
02/03/26 Rename appendix again
01/01/10 Rename appendix, FITAB for large-file tapes, formats
95/09/12 Chapter re-written, modern tapes discussed
94/03/17 Old chapter typeset for WWW
Z 01/01/10 Version, minor wording updates
00/02/02 Updated for changes at CV and AOC, drop film
recorder, change computers, etc
96/01/18 Change ftp to solitaire, Gripes by e-mail
95/10/24 Reference to chapter 10 -> 11
95/09/24 Drop AOC film recorder (it does not work)
95/06/20 One section reference renumbered
95/01/03 One section reference renumbered
94/10/18 Complete rewrite of NRAO-specific appendix
G 94/03/17 Old chapter typeset for WWW
I 07/12/29 Updated
06/06/09 Updated
05/11/30 Updated
04/11/14 Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, C
04/04/13 Chapter 4, 13
04/04/07 Chapters 4, 9, A
04/03/21 Mostly Chapters 9 and C, a little 4 etc
03/01/24 Chapters 4,5,6,10,13,D
02/08/12 Chapters 3,4,5,6,7,9,12,C
02/03/27 General overhaul
01/10/30 Chapter 9
01/06/10 Chapter 4, 5, 9, 13, C updates
01/02/15 Chapter 9 update
01/01/10 Appendix C, D, minor updates
00/04/18 Chapters changed to 31DEC00
99/03/30 Chapter 9 changed
98/03/08 Chapters 6, 8, 9, 13 changed
97/06/09 Chapters 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 changed
96/01/03 Chapter 12 rewrite, chapter 7 additions
95/12/11 Chapters 7, 10, 13 updated
95/09/24 Update for chapter Z
95/09/22 Update for chapters 2,3,5,12
95/09/12 New index, never before available
all 04/04/07 Update macros to allow html, clean up stuff
03/12/01 Switch font style, make PDF files available
98/11/18 To switch to LaTeX from basic TeX
95/09/12 To add indexing; visible text unchanged
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